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The haddock or
offshore hake is a marine fish distributed on both
sides of the North Atlantic. Haddock is a popular
food fish, widely fished commercially.
The haddock is easily recognized by a black lateral
line running along its white side, (not to be
confused with pollock which has the reverse), ie
white line on black side, and a distinctive dark
blotch above the pectoral fin, often described as a
"thumbprint" or even the "Devil's thumbprint" or
"St. Peter's mark".
Haddock is most
commonly found at depths of 40 to 133 m, but has a
range as deep as 300 m. It thrives in temperatures
of 2° to 10°C (36° to 50°F). Juveniles prefer
shallower waters and larger adults deeper water.
Generally, adult haddock do not engage in long
migratory behavior as do the younger fish, but
seasonal movements have been known to occur across
all ages. Haddock feed primarily on small
invertebrates, although larger members of the
species may occasionally consume fish.
Growth rates of haddock have changed significantly
over the past 30 to 40 years. Presently, growth is
more rapid, with haddock reaching their adult size
much earlier than previously noted. However, the
degree to which these younger fish contribute to
reproductive success of the population is unknown.
Growth rates of Georges Bank haddock, however, have
slowed in recent years. There is evidence that this
is the result of an exceptionally large year class
in 2003. Spawning occurs between January and June,
peaking during late March and early April. The most
important spawning grounds are in the waters off
middle Norway near southwest Iceland, and Georges
Bank. An average-sized female produces approximately
850,000 eggs, and larger females are capable of
producing up to 3 million eggs each year.
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